Carvanha in depth
More piranha fang than anything else, in two languages
The Japanese キバニア is a transparent compound: 牙 (kiba, fang) and ピラニア (pirania, piranha). The English Carvanha plays with carve or carnivore attached to piranha, with carnage lurking underneath. The direct animal reference is the red-bellied piranha, while the yellow star on its side recalls the markings of the starry smooth-hound. There is an alternative reading that also fits the Pokédex entries: the round body, burst-shaped marking and habit of wrecking ship hulls point towards a naval cannonball.
Rough Skin when it was a rarity
Until Generation V, the entire line was the only one with access to Rough Skin. Nobody else had it, not even species that looked as though they deserved it. Speed Boost, the Hidden Ability, arrived later and brought with it a completely different way to play, although in practice it is the second stage rather than this one that makes use of it.
Its base stats have not been touched since its debut in Generation III: the same 305 points and the same grotesque distribution of 90 Attack against 20 and 20 in the defenses. In an era of constant generational stat adjustments, that makes it one of the most stable lines in the Pokédex.
The jump from 305 to 460
Evolving fixes half the problem and makes the other half bigger. Sharpedo rises to 120 Attack, 95 Special Attack and 95 Speed, but stays at 40 and 40 in the defenses: it is still a Pokémon that strikes first because it cannot afford to strike second. It also has a Mega Evolution available, something the smaller stage obviously does not share.
The useful comparison within aggressive Water-types is with Basculin, which distributes its 460 points far more sensibly and does not evolve, and with Gyarados, which solves its frailty by having 95 HP and 79 Defense. Carvanha competes with neither of them: it competes with the idea of reaching level 30 alive.
Where it has been and where it is no longer
It debuted in Hoenn, on Routes 118 and 119, and has since appeared in scattered regional Pokédexes—Kalos, Alola and The Isle of Armor—without ever being an early encounter or easy to obtain at the point when it would actually be useful. It is simply not in the base game of Scarlet and Violet.
That schedule explains much of its limited reputation. A Pokémon with 20 in both defenses that also appears halfway through the game has very little room to work with: by the time it can be caught, the team is already built, and by the time it reaches level 30, the adventure has usually moved on. Its base friendship, 35, is among the lowest in the game, which mechanically means that it also takes longer than average to grow attached.