Ditto in depth
Metamorphosis and “ditto”
Its Japanese name is メタモン, Metamon, a shortening of “metamorphosis” with the モン ending carried by so many names from the first generation. English took a different route: ditto is the word used to mean “the same”, the one written in a list to avoid repeating the previous line. It is one of the few names from 1996 that was not translated into any European language, and it works because the gesture of saying “ditto” is understood in Spanish too. Between the two names, the whole creature is described: the mechanism on one side, the result on the other.
From a Red and Blue bug to a Smogon staple
For two generations, it was little more than a curiosity. In the first, Transform came with programming errors that affected how stats were copied, and the set was basically a laboratory anecdote. The second gave it Metal Powder, which at the time raised Defense and Special Defense by 50% and still worked while transformed; from the third generation onwards, the item doubled Defense but only while it had not transformed, which reduced its appeal considerably.
The real change came in the fifth generation with Imposter. A Hidden Ability turned the game's worst stat sheet into something that borrows the best ones, and it has stayed on competitive lists ever since. It is rare for a species to go from irrelevant to consistently viable without a single base stat being changed.
Setting up a copy
The spreads people use all point in the same direction and surprise anyone seeing them for the first time: max HP and Defense, minimum Speed with a negative Nature and 0 IVs. Speed does not matter because the copy brings over the opponent's, and Choice Scarf does the rest; being slower matters in the mirror, where the slower one forces the other to activate Imposter first and run out of Transform PP first. HP is set to 248 instead of 252 to take less damage from entry hazards and survive five uses of Struggle.
There is a fine detail that many people miss: Forewarn calculates damage using the Special Attack it had before transforming, so sets intended to copy a Psychic-type carry a Quiet Nature and 252 Special Attack even though that may look completely pointless. As a Tera type, Steel is the usual choice because it reduces Stealth Rock damage; Ghost and Fairy appear when priority attacks are the problem.
Copying, disguising and reproducing
It is worth not confusing its method with that of its neighbours. Zoroark changes its appearance and nothing else: the stats and types remain its own, and the illusion falls apart at the first hit. Smeargle keeps the other Pokémon's move permanently through Sketch, but it does not alter its body. Ditto's copy is physical and complete, and lasts until the Pokémon returns to its Poké Ball.
The comparison repeated most often is with Mew, which also learns Transform and weighs exactly the same, four kilograms. That is where the fan theory comes from: it presents Ditto as a failed clone, created in the same Pokémon Mansion laboratory that produced Mewtwo. Game Freak has never said anything about it, either for or against, and the theory has been circulating for almost thirty years without support from within the games.