Golem in depth
A yōkai that rolls downhill
The English name comes from the golem, the animated clay creature from Jewish tradition, although the design looks more like the stone golems from 1980s role-playing games than the original figure. The habit of rolling downhill points to another source: the tsuchikorobi, a Japanese yōkai that throws itself down slopes at passing travellers and crushes them. The bipedal turtle silhouette adds a third layer, that of the tortoise supporting the world on its shell in the mythologies of India, China and several Indigenous American peoples.
The Japanese name, ゴローニャ, combines the ゴロゴロ of rolling with Bologna stone, the popular name for barite. It's a mineralogy joke, and one of the few cases where the Western name is more direct than the original.
The evolution that required a cable
Alongside Kadabra, Machoke and Haunter, this line introduced trade evolution in 1996, a mechanic designed to sell Game Link Cables and to make sure nobody completed the Pokédex alone. Thirty years later, it is still the same: Scarlet and Violet keep the requirement intact, with no alternative item or replacement condition. The only historical concession goes the other way: the Everstone exists precisely so you can trade a Graveler and have it remain a Graveler.
The stat changes have been few. The most relevant came in Generation VI, when its Attack rose to the current 120, an adjustment that was shared at the time among several physical species from Generation I that had fallen behind. Sturdy, meanwhile, stopped being a simple safeguard against Fissure and Guillotine in Generation V and began guaranteeing survival against any hit from full HP, which is what gave it a concrete use.
Rock against rock
The obvious comparison is with the other two Rock- and Ground-type heavyweights. Rhyperior hits harder and takes hits better, and on top of that has an Ability that removes its weaknesses outright; Gigalith sets up sandstorms by itself. Golem doesn't win either comparison, and what it retains is the combination of Rock Head with recoil moves and a weight of 300 kilos that makes Heavy Slam and Body Press worthwhile against lighter opponents.
When they gave it a beard
Generation VII gave it a second form. Alolan Golem swaps Ground for Electric, covers its face in iron sand until it forms eyebrows, a moustache and a black beard, and carries a cannon-like structure on its back that fires rocks charged with electricity. Its Abilities are Magnet and Sturdy, with Galvanize as its Hidden Ability, and the Alolan line is the only one in the entire game that can have the latter. It is also obtained by trading, from Alolan Graveler, although in Scarlet and Violet it also appears in six-star Tera Raid Battles in The Indigo Disk.