Arbok in depth
The name read backwards
Ekans is “snake” written backwards, and Arbok is “kobra” written backwards, using the k from the alternative spelling so the symmetry works. Japanese builds the joke around another snake: アーボ (Ābo) comes from ボア, boa, read backwards, and アーボック (Ābokku) extends that same base until it sounds like cobra. It is one of the few early cases where the Western localization found an equivalent pun instead of inventing a different one from scratch.
The reference animal is the cobra, and the hood with false eyes points to spectacled cobras, whose hoods carry a similar pattern on the back. The joke is that the behaviour attributed to it in the entries is not cobra-like: coiling around something and squeezing until its heart stops is what pythons and boas do. The design combines the two snakes into one.
From Kanto to Paldea
In Generation I, Ekans and Arbok were the only Pokémon capable of learning Glare. It now gets it at level 12, and it remains one of the few things a low-level Arbok can do against something with better stats: paralyze it and switch.
Abilities did not exist until Generation III, so Intimidate and Shed Skin arrived late for a species that had spent two generations with nothing to distinguish it. Unnerve was added later as a hidden ability. Generation VII raised its Attack to the current 95, one of those tweaks Game Freak handed out to first-generation veterans so they would still make sense.
Its current movepool is broader than it looks. At level 1 it already has all three elemental fangs—Thunder Fang, Ice Fang and Fire Fang—free coverage that, in a normal playthrough, covers a good part of what can hurt it. Belch, at 48, hits for 120 and is useless in practice: it cannot be used until the Pokémon has eaten a Berry, a condition that is almost never met when it matters. Gastro Acid, at 44, is not much use either beyond ruining the opponent’s ability.
Two snakes and a badger
Compared with Muk, Kanto’s other pure Poison type, it is the exact opposite: Muk takes hits and poisons things, Arbok hits hard and dies. Against Seviper, the Hoenn snake designed specifically as Zangoose’s enemy, the difference is Intimidate, which gives Arbok an excuse to enter and leave the field without spending its health.
In the anime, Jessie’s Arbok was Team Rocket’s muscle for years, until she released it at the start of the Hoenn arc so it could protect a colony of its own kind. In the games, by contrast, an Arbok caught late usually ends up in the PC: by the time it learns Coil and Gunk Shot, the outcome of the playthrough has already been decided.