Blastoise in depth
The turtle and the tank
The English name is blast plus tortoise, cannon blast and turtle, and it explains the design in two words. The Japanese name goes in a different direction: カメックス, Kamex, combines 亀 (kame, turtle) with max, the idea of the top-of-the-line model. One describes what it does; the other, what it is relative to its earlier stages.
There’s more tank than reptile in the design. The resemblance to the armoured vehicle designed by Leonardo da Vinci has been pointed out; that vehicle, in turn, copied the profile of a shell. Before all that, the surviving Capsule Monsters material includes a Ken Sugimori sketch called “Karabajio” that is already recognisably this turtle, but without cannons. The artillery came later, and it’s what turned a defensive animal into something that attacks from a distance.
From one stat to two
In the first generation, Special was a single value of 85 that covered both dealing and taking damage. When the stat was split in two, it ended up with 85 Special Attack and 105 Special Defense, and the change affected it in a very specific way: it stopped being a decent special attacker and became a good special tank with mediocre attacking power. That 105 is still its highest stat today.
Then the external upgrades arrived. Mega Evolution in X and Y gave it the Ability it was missing and a reason to exist in competitive play. A Gigantamax form also appeared in Sword and Shield. Neither one affects regular Blastoise, which still has the same 530 points it has always had.
Playing it slowly
In a normal playthrough, it’s a second-half Pokémon: it appears at level 36 at the earliest, with Aqua Tail (level 30) and Water Pulse (level 15) as decent attacks, while Hydro Pump takes until 49. TMs are what make up for the wait. Ice Beam and Earthquake give it coverage against what its type can’t hit, Ice Punch makes use of its 83 Attack, and Aura Sphere helps against the Steel- and Dark-types that can take Water attacks.
Compared with Swampert, which has a similar spread but hits harder and has only one weakness, it loses out at almost everything except Special Defense. Compared with Lapras, it has less HP and less coverage, but much more Defense. And against Charizard, its neighbour in Kanto’s trio, the spread is the opposite: one lives off Speed and Special Attack, while this one lives off not dying.
A bit of parallel history: for Super Smash Bros. Brawl, including it alongside Charizard and Ivysaur was considered, but Masahiro Sakurai ultimately chose Squirtle so that all three evolutionary stages would be represented. The turtle with cannons was left out for being too old.