Cloyster in depth
A clam with a cloister in its name
The English name has two readings, and both fit. On one hand, clam and oyster, crossed together into a word that does not exist; on the other, cloister, the place where someone shuts themselves away. For a creature whose defining feature is never opening, the name works in both directions. French takes a different route with Crustabri, from crustacé and abri, shelter, even though the creature is not a crustacean. The Japanese is パルシェン, transliterated as Parshen.
The design starts with a real bivalve, an oyster or clam, and adds what no bivalve has: a second outer shell covered in spikes. The items it can drop in the wild, Pearl and Big Pearl, complete the circle with the biology it started from.
What the fifth generation gave it
For four generations, it was a shell with good numbers and little to do with them. The fifth gave it Shell Smash and Icicle Spear at the same time, rewriting the species completely: Skill Link, which until then only Shellder and Cloyster had and which was not much use to either of them, became the engine of an attacker capable of turning one setup turn into five guaranteed hits. Few species have changed role so dramatically without a single base stat being altered.
It is worth understanding what Skill Link actually does. It does not increase the power of each hit: it fixes the number of hits at five instead of rolling between two and five. The gain is certainty, and each hit also checks screens, Substitutes and items that activate when damage is taken separately.
Defense 180 and why it is not enough
Comparing its 180 Defense with its 45 Special Defense explains why it has never been a true wall. A wall needs to take hits from both sides, and here half the attacks in the game pass through as if there were no shell at all. Shuckle, with 230 in both defenses, is the obvious counterexample; Lapras, with the same Water and Ice typing, distributes its stats much more evenly and survives things that erase Cloyster from the field.
In a normal playthrough, its role is different. It learns Spikes and Toxic Spikes from the start, shrugs off average physical attacks and has Withdraw and Iron Defense to raise what is already high. There is nothing to be done against Grass- and Fighting-type Gyms, but against trainers attacking with Ground, Flying or Dragon moves, a well-placed Icicle Spear settles the battle in one turn.
Its other ability, Shell Armor, completely blocks critical hits, which is more valuable on a Pokémon with sky-high Defense than it may seem: a critical hit ignores the defender's defensive boosts, and that is exactly the route an opponent could use to break through the shell. Its Hidden Ability, Overcoat, protects it from hail and powder moves, which says little about a species that is already immune to hail for being Ice-type.
In the anime, it debuted in the hands of the leader of a biker gang on the bridge leading to Cinnabar Island, and years later an Ice-type specialist from the Orange Islands used one to test Ash.