Shellder in depth
An oyster with a shield name
The English name piles together three words that sound alike: shell, shell; shield, shield; shelter, refuge. The Japanese, シェルダー, is the same construction left untranslated. The French name goes in another direction and calls it Kokiyas, from coquillage. The design is based on an oyster with its pearl inside, and the Pokédex entries take that idea literally: grains of sand trapped between its shells mix with the body's fluids until they form a pearl.
The curious thing is that the game rewards that story. Wild specimens can be holding Pearl and Big Pearl, two items that only serve to be sold, so a species that spits out its pearls because they annoy it turns out to be a reliable source of money for the Trainer who catches it.
Five icicles per turn
Skill Link did not arrive until Generation IV, and for a while this line had it almost exclusively: until Generation V, Shellder and Cloyster were the only Pokémon capable of having it. Icicle Spear was also its signature move until Generation IV, before being distributed among other species.
The combination of the two gave one of Kanto's worst stat spreads a reason to exist, although the evolved form gets all the benefit. As Shellder, with 65 Attack, those five hits still fail to KO almost anything. The point is that splitting the damage across five hits breaks through Substitute and removes the advantage of anyone relying on surviving one powerful attack.
Slowpoke's passenger
The species' strangest detail does not happen in its own line. When one of these bites a Slowpoke's tail, the Slowpoke becomes Slowbro, and if it is holding a King's Rock, the result is Slowking. For Slowpoke it is an evolution; for Shellder it is just a change of form, which is why the shell takes on the spiral cone shape seen on the tail and keeps it even after it comes loose. In Galar, the bite happens on the arm or the head, depending on the variant.
The same creature working both as its own species and as another one's accessory has few parallels. Clamperl shares the bivalve-with-a-pearl template and also evolves by item, but nobody sticks it to a tail. Here the relationship only goes one way: Slowpoke gains a type, a jump in Defense and an entire evolution, while Shellder loses its name and ends up counting as part of the scenery.