Swellow in depth
The tail that looks like a pair of katanas
The design mixes a barn swallow and a welcome swallow with traits from tree swifts, then adds behaviour that is not swallow-like at all: diving onto prey and using talons come from birds of prey. The detail that gets the most attention is the tail. The two elongated feathers resemble a pair of katanas, and Bulbapedia connects that feature with the sword-fighting technique behind Aerial Ace, a move it learns at level 21. Its Shiny coloration draws on two other real birds: the quetzal and the violet-green swallow.
The Japanese name is descriptive and little more. オオスバメ, Ohsubame, is a distortion of 大燕, ōtsubame, “large swallow”, which is exactly what you see. The English name combines swell with swallow. French Heledelle comes from ailé and hirondelle; German Schwalboss combines Schwalbe with boss, and there is a different idea behind that one.
The Generation VII tweak
In Generation VII, its Special Attack went up from 50 to 75 and its total went from 430 to 455. On paper, that is a boost; in practice, it changed little. The only special move with decent power it learns is Air Slash, 75, available at level 39, while the rest of its offensive repertoire is physical: Brave Bird, Wing Attack, Steel Wing and U-turn. The increase mainly serves to stop Hyper Beam, at 150, being a joke compared with Giga Impact.
A bird that fights better when it's dying
There is a strange pattern in its level-up list. Endeavor arrives at 45 and Reversal at 57, and both work better the less HP it has left: the first brings the opponent's HP down to match its own, while the second hits harder the worse its condition is. With Quick Attack available from level 9, the sequence builds itself—bring the opponent down to a sliver and finish it before it can move. Quick Guard, at 27, closes off the other end: it blocks priority attacks for one turn, which is exactly what a Pokémon with 60 HP fears most. Agility at 33 is the leftover move in the list; with 125 base Speed, doubling it barely changes any matchup.
Against the other route birds
Each region puts a common bird on its early routes and lets it grow into something usable. Swellow is the fast and fragile version of that idea. Staraptor hits considerably harder and takes more punishment, at the cost of moving second. Talonflame spent an entire generation in the fast-bird role thanks to its priority, leaving Swellow with no argument.
What it has left is its own thing: it is the only one in that group whose plan relies on being poisoned. No other route bird turns a status problem into its best stat, and that dependence also makes it very easy to read. If it comes in without a status condition, it does nothing; if it comes in statused, the clock is already running.