Haunter in depth
Ghost, plain and simple
The Japanese name is ゴースト, which is simply the English word ghost written in katakana. The whole line works the same way, literally: ゴース for Gastly, ゴースト for this one and ゲンガー for Gengar. The English name Haunter comes from the verb haunt, meaning to haunt or linger around a place, with an echo of taunt, which fits its habit of beckoning from the darkness. French went with Spectrum, from spectre.
The design draws on Japanese yōkai, spirits from folklore, and the classic idea of a ghost as something that can be seen but not touched. That is why the hands float freely: detached from the body, with no arms, like the spectres in tradition that have no fixed form. Its 0.1 kilograms place it among the lightest Pokémon in existence, with less mass than a phone.
The 115 that used to be a single stat
In Generation I there was no Special Attack or Special Defense: there was a single stat, Special, and its value was 115. When it was split in two from Generation II onwards, it kept the 115 on the offensive side and got a rather poor defensive 55. The current distribution comes from there.
That figure also used to work differently. Until Generation IV, a move's category was determined by its type, and Ghost was physical, meaning its best attacks depended on an Attack stat of 50 rather than the Special stat it actually had. Night Shade, an attack exclusive to this line in Generation I, sidestepped the problem the quick way: it deals fixed damage equal to the user's level, without looking at any stat. It is still in its movepool, at level 30, and is still the only thing that works just as well with a blank stat sheet.
Condemned to the cable
Evolving through trading was a sales pitch in 1996: it required two consoles, two cartridges and a cable. Three decades later, the requirement has not moved in the main series, and the result is that plenty of playthroughs end with Haunter on the team because nobody to trade with was available. The exception came in Pokémon Legends: Arceus, where a Union Cord does the cable's job without needing a second person.
That dependence links it to other Ghost types that also do not evolve by levelling up, such as Misdreavus, which needs a Dusk Stone. The difference is that you can buy or find a stone, while a trade requires asking someone else.
In the meantime, the gap between the two forms is bigger than it looks. In a normal playthrough, the middle stage holds its own for a long time: 95 Speed is enough well into the game, and the problem is not power but timing. Its level-up attacks take a while to arrive —Hex at 24, Dark Pulse at 42, Shadow Ball at 48—, so anyone who does not teach it a TM spends half the adventure relying on Lick and status effects. With Hypnosis from level 1 and Confuse Ray alongside it, you can play that way for as long as necessary.