Starmie in depth
An echinoderm that emits radio
The design starts from a starfish, though not an ordinary one. Bulbapedia points to the purple starfish because of the colour, the sunflower star because of the number of arms, and literal stars and meteors because of its connection to space and light. The unusual part is the construction: the arms do not come out of a single central body, but look like two five-pointed stars layered and rotated over each other.
The English name, which is the same in Japanese, スターミー, can be read as star plus mystery, fitting the Mysterious Pokémon category. There is a second reading that only works as a pair: Staryu and Starmie sound like “you” and “me” in English, a pun that is lost as soon as it is translated. Bulbapedia also notes that the name may refer to Mimī, Staryu's early design in the original Capsule Monsters concept.
What changed when Special split in two
In the first generation, there was a single Special stat that served both offensive and defensive purposes. When it was split in two, the distribution left it with 100 Special Attack and 85 Special Defense: the offensive half stayed the same while the defensive half dropped a step. That detail explains why it could take special hits in the older games that it cannot take today.
Abilities arrived much later, in the third generation, and that is when it was given Natural Cure and Illuminate. Analytic, its hidden ability, came later. Compared with Slowbro, the other Water/Psychic type from Kanto, the distribution is the exact opposite point for point: one takes hits and does not move, while the other moves and does not take hits.
Everything at level 1
In Pokémon Brilliant Diamond and Pokémon Shining Pearl, something striking happens with its move list: all sixteen appear at level 1. Hydro Pump, Psychic, Recover, Rapid Spin, Cosmic Power, Power Gem, all available from the very start. It is the logical consequence of evolving with a stone—a Pokémon that can appear at any level cannot have moves spread out along the ladder, so the game gives them all at once when you remember them. Anyone who evolves a Staryu too early does not lose any of the final repertoire, only the order in which it would have learned it.
The star that stood up
Pokémon Legends: Z-A gave it a Mega Evolution, and the result moves quite far away from the sea animal: the form takes on a more humanoid appearance, with elongated limbs. Bulbapedia connects this change to Warning from Space, the 1956 Japanese film in which starfish-shaped aliens called the Pairans take on human form so they can communicate with people. Seen that way, the Pokédex rumour about an invader from outer space stops being an isolated joke and becomes the thread the design has hung from since the beginning: a star-shaped body, a core that emits radio signals at night, and an obvious desire for someone to answer them.