Eevee in depth
Two letters and a fox
The name is an acronym read aloud. イーブイ is pronounced “ee-bui”, which in Japanese are the letters E and V, in other words evolution; the English Eevee does the same thing by another route and comes from the same word. The French Évoli adds the reference to the Stones. It is one of the few cases where all three versions of the name mean exactly the same thing, and one of the few where the name is literally the mechanic.
The design is a small, four-legged mammal with brown fur, pointed ears, a cream-coloured ruff and a thick tail with a light tip. It is usually described as a fox, although it deliberately does not resemble any particular species: the point is for it to be a generic animal, a canvas that can hold eight different colours.
What they kept adding
In Generation I it had nothing but Run Away, an Ability that does nothing in a battle against another Trainer. Adaptability arrived in Generation IV, the same generation in which Leafeon and Glaceon appeared, and it is the only thing that has genuinely changed its behaviour in battle. Anticipation was added later as a Hidden Ability. The total of 325 points, on the other hand, has never moved.
The evolution conditions have gradually been loosened. For three generations, Leafeon and Glaceon required travelling to a specific rock on the map; the Leaf Stone and Ice Stone eventually ended that pilgrimage. Sylveon was born tied to the Affection system of Generation VI and now also accepts ordinary Friendship. The direction is always the same: remove friction.
The one that stays as it is
There are two versions that never evolve. The partner Eevee from Pokémon: Let’s Go, Eevee! has purple eyes, lighter fur, a base stat total of 435—110 above normal—and exclusive moves that no other specimen can learn; in return, it cannot become anything. Eevee with the Gigantamax Factor cannot either: while it retains that factor, Stones and Friendship have no effect, and anyone who wants the enormous ruff gives up all eight branches.
It is a design decision that fits the character. The entire species is built around the idea of not being anything yet, and the two forms the franchise has turned into mascots are precisely the ones that refuse to stop being themselves.
Useful comparisons
The other Pokédex species defined by transforming is Ditto, and the contrast is clean: Ditto copies whatever is in front of it and returns to its previous state as soon as it leaves battle, whereas here every change is permanent and you have to choose just one per specimen. That is why breeding matters so much for this line, and why the 12.5% female ratio hurts more than it does for others.
A practical detail for anyone using it in a normal playthrough: Swift at level 20 and Bite at 25 are the only decent attacks before Take Down at 40, and with 45 Sp. Atk it is best to rely on physical moves from the start. Copycat, at 30, is more of a toy than a tool.